What is Presuppositionalism?
Presuppositionalism claims that the Christian God and Bible must be assumed first before you can justify logic, science, or morality. Without this assumption, they argue, you can't know anything at all.
The problem is that this method is completely circular - it assumes what it's trying to prove, and the exact same reasoning can justify any belief system.
The Standard Presuppositionalist Argument
Christian Version
- Premise 1: Logic, science, and morality require absolute, unchanging foundations.
- Premise 2: Only God can provide absolute, unchanging foundations.
- Conclusion: Therefore, we must presuppose God exists to make sense of logic, science, and morality.
The Problem: Any Worldview Can Use This Method
Naturalistic Version (Same Structure, Different Words)
- Premise 1: Logic, science, and morality require absolute, unchanging foundations.
- Premise 2: Only the cosmos can provide absolute, unchanging foundations.
- Conclusion: Therefore, we must presuppose the cosmos exists to make sense of logic, science, and morality.
Hindu Version
- Premise 1: Logic, science, and morality require absolute, unchanging foundations.
- Premise 2: Only Brahman can provide absolute, unchanging foundations.
- Conclusion: Therefore, we must presuppose Brahman exists to make sense of logic, science, and morality.
Buddhist Version
- Premise 1: Logic, science, and morality require absolute, unchanging foundations.
- Premise 2: Only the Dharma can provide absolute, unchanging foundations.
- Conclusion: Therefore, we must presuppose the Dharma exists to make sense of logic, science, and morality.
Why This Is Circular Reasoning
Each version starts by assuming that their preferred foundation (God, cosmos, Brahman, etc.) is the only possible source for logic and morality. Then they conclude that their foundation must exist.
This is like saying:
- "Only my car can get me to work"
- "I need to get to work"
- "Therefore, my car exists"
The problem is obvious: you haven't proven that only your car can get you to work. You've just asserted it.
TAG (Transcendental Argument for God)
Summary: This version of TAG, popularized by Matt Slick, claims logic, morality, and knowledge require God, so God must exist. That makes it tautological: it presupposes the very conclusion it attempts to prove by asserting only God could ground those things, without independent evidence ruling out other explanations.
The form:
Let P = "God accounts for the laws of logic"
- Either [P] or [not P].
- Not [not P].
- Therefore [P].
This version of TAG is a tautology because it necessarily assumes the conclusion (P) in the 2nd premise. Not to mention, it fails to show that only God is the only thing that can account for the laws of logic.
The Real Issue
Presuppositionalism doesn't actually solve any philosophical problems - it just pushes them back one step:
Instead of asking: "How do we justify logic?"
We now ask: "How do we justify our belief that God grounds logic?"
The presuppositionalist's answer is always: "We just assume it." But if we can "just assume" that God grounds logic, why can't we "just assume" that logic is basic? Both are equally circular.
This Method Can "Justify" Literally Any Belief
Flat Earth Version
- Logic and observation require a stable foundation
- Only a flat earth can provide a stable foundation
- Therefore, we must presuppose the earth is flat
Unicorn Version
- Logic and beauty require a magical foundation
- Only unicorns can provide a magical foundation
- Therefore, we must presuppose unicorns exist
These sound ridiculous, but they use the exact same logical structure as presuppositionalism.
A Better Approach
Instead of circular reasoning, we can compare worldviews based on:
Public evidence: What can be observed and tested by anyone?
Predictive power: Which worldview successfully predicts what we observe?
Simplicity: Which requires fewer unsupported assumptions?
Consistency: Which has fewer internal contradictions?
These criteria help us move beyond "I'm right because I say I'm right" and toward genuine inquiry.
Bottom Line
Presuppositionalism is just assertion dressed up as argument. Since any worldview can use this method to "prove" itself, the method proves nothing.
The fact that we can replace "God" with "the cosmos," "Brahman," "unicorns," or anything else and get equally "valid" arguments shows that presuppositionalism is intellectually bankrupt.
Real philosophical progress happens through evidence, testing, and reasoning - not through circular assumptions that immunize beliefs from criticism.